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Roșia Montană ((:ˈroʃi.a monˈtanə), "Roșia of the Mountains"; (ラテン語:Alburnus Maior); (ハンガリー語:Verespatak), (:ˈvɛrɛʃpɒtɒk); (ドイツ語:Goldbach, Rotseifen)) is a commune of Alba County in the Apuseni Mountains of western Transylvania, Romania. It is located in the Valea Roșiei, through which the small Roșia River flows. The commune is composed of sixteen villages: Bălmoșești, Blidești, Bunta, Cărpiniș (''Abrudkerpenyes''), Coasta Henții, Corna (''Szarvaspatak''), Curături, Dăroaia, Gârda-Bărbulești, Gura Roșiei (''Verespataktorka''), Iacobești, Ignățești, Roșia Montană, Șoal, Țarina and Vârtop (''Vartop''). The rich mineral resources of the area have been exploited since Roman times or before. The state-run gold mine closed in late 2006 in advance of Romania's accession to the EU. Gabriel Resources of Canada plan to open a new mine. This has caused controversy on one hand over the extent to which remains of Roman mining would be preserved and over fears of a repeat of the cyanide pollution at Baia Mare and on the other, over the benefits that mining would bring to this poor and underdeveloped part of the country. The campaign against mining at Roșia Montană was one of the largest campaigns over a non-political cause in the last 20 years in Romania. A plethora of organizations spoke out against the project, from Greenpeace to the Romanian Academy. In late 2009, the Romanian government announced it made the project a priority, but it continues to review the environmental impact assessment initially filed in 2004. ==History== There is archaeological and metallurgical evidence of gold mining in the 'Golden Quadrilateral' of Transylvania since the late Stone Age.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Konrad )〕 Alburnus Maior was founded by the Romans during the rule of Trajan as a mining town, with Illyrian colonists from South Dalmatia .〔PROIECT Alba SA (Zonal Urbanism Plan for Roşia Montană Industrial Area )〕 The earliest reference to the town is on a wax tablet dated 6 February 131. Archaeologists have discovered in the town ancient dwellings, necropolises, mine galleries, mining tools, 25 wax tablets and many inscriptions in Greek and Latin, centred around Carpeni Hill.〔--- (1976) ''Dicționar de istorie veche a României'', Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică p. 27〕 The Romans left Dacia in 271. Mining appears to have started again in the Middle Ages by German migrants using similar techniques to the Romans. This continued until the devastating wars of the mid-16th century. Mining was much expanded under the Austrian Empire with the encouragement of the Imperial authorities. Charles VI funded the construction of ponds („tăuri”) in 1733.〔 After the empire broke up in 1918, most of the remaining veins were mined out under fixed-length concessions granted to local citizens. The sulphide-rich waste generated large volumes of sulphuric acid which in turn liberated heavy metals into local water sources, in addition to the mercury used to extract the gold. In 1948 the mines were taken over by the Romanian state, with traditional small scale underground mining continuing until the late 1960s. Attention then turned to the lower-grade gold disseminated through the rock surrounding the veins. In 1975 an open-cast pit was constructed at Cetate for bulk mining. This mine was operated by Rosiamin, a subsidiary of the state-owned company Regia Autonomă a Cuprului din Deva (RAC), and provided 775 jobs,〔Haiduc, Ionel (Report on Roşia Montană by the Romanian Academy ) ''Academica'' 13–14 April–May 2003, pp77-80.〕 representing most of the employment in the region.〔Richards, Jeremy ("Rosia Montana gold controversy" ) ''Mining Environmental Management'' January 2005 pp5-13 Overview of the project〕 The ore was floatation-concentrated at Gura Roșiei and then extracted by cyanide leaching at Baia de Arieş.〔Gabriel Resources, (Overview of Roşia Montană ) History of mining in the area and describes the geology in detail〕 This mine needed subsidies of $3m/year in 2004〔 and was closed in 2006 before Romania joined the EU. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roșia Montană」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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